Glass Fused To Steel Bolted Storage Tanks &#; Never Need Painting
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Glass-fused-to-steel (porcelain enamel) is a single source strong, integrated porcelain enamel and steel material fused together at over ° F, creating a hard inert, inorganic coating that NEVER needs painting. CST&#;s glass-fused-to-steel is the premium technology in the tank market. The interior of all glass-fused-to-steel tanks feature VITRIUM&#; coating technology enhanced with titanium dioxide (Ti02) for the toughest glass available.
CST&#;s VITRIUM coating is the world&#;s leading glass-fused-to-steel process for bolted storage tanks and has been field proven for more than 69 years. Along with VITRIUM coating, CST now offers EDGECOAT® II, the continuous innovative EDGECOAT technology and the ONLY process in the world that provides optimum glass encapsulation on all (4) sides of the sheet edges. VITRIUM coating features and benefits include:
Tough Ti02 glass formulations provides longer life
White interior is easier to inspect than darker coatings
Factory certified holiday-free sheets
Designed for use in both cold and hot climates
Designed, fabricated, shipped and supported within the USA
EDGECOAT II is a result of CST&#;s commitment to an ongoing product development and improvement program. This continuous innovative EDGECOAT technology is the ONLY process in the world that provides optimum glass encapsulation on all (4) four sides of the sheet edges. CST took the best EDGECOAT technology in the world and made it better with EDGECOAT II.
Following Porcelain Enameling Institute guidelines (PEI-101), EDGECOAT II sheets are mechanically rounded to specific radii that provides maximum glass adhesion to steel. The combination delivers the maximum corrosion resistance of VITRIUM glass coating with the greatest protection on every sheet.
Highest quality finish
Glass is applied on all (4) sides of the sheet offering the greatest protection
No sharp edges on tank sheets, eliminating safety hazards
Edges are engineered to ensure optimum radii for each individual gauge of steel providing the maximum and consistent glass edge
5 mils of glass encapsulation on every sheet edge
Download Edgecoat II Technical Data Sheet
VITRIUM is our proprietary titanium Dioxide (TiO2) glassing process applied in a 3-coat, 1-fire (3c1f) process procedure. VITRIUM coating is also produced in a 3-coat, 2-fire (3c2f) process primarily when special colors are requested or thicker layers of glass are required.
The CST proprietary VITRIUM glass-fused-to-steel process provides:
Longer tank life
Base coat of glass frit containing nickel oxide ensures consistent quality
Maximum coating effectiveness without requiring excess coating thickness in order to provide the needed durability at competitive pricing
Unique process technologies and voltage testing on all interior side wall sheets provide a factory certified 100% holiday free surface.
The combination of glass quality and glass thickness provide the assurance that over 69 years of experience and over 100,000 structures successfully installed around the world will continue with each and every new structure installed.
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
In CST, formerly Engineered Storage Products, launched an R&D project to develop a process for the direct application of our proprietary Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Glass. The result is a totally new, patented &#;3-coat, 1-fire&#; (3c1f) process for applying TiO2 Glass.
TiO2 is a very common ingredient used by many coating manufacturers for various reasons:
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It is considered inert and at high level in porcelain enamel, gives unique properties.
In the case of the interior VITRIUM coating, with its higher percentage of TiO2 in the final white layer, allows CST to provide an exceptional enamel surface.
During firing, the white layer&#;s higher viscosity has the effect of controlling bubble structure in addition to making the top TiO2 rich layer harder, more chemical resistant and the bubble structure finer. This high TiO2 content is unique to AQUASTORE® and provides exceptional properties to fit colder conditions common to the North American market.
As a result of using higher amounts of TiO2 in the final white layer, a unique visual marker on the glass known as &#;VITRIUM threading&#; becomes apparent. This is caused by thicker areas of the top white layer interspersed with thinner areas allowing the underlying bluecoat to show through opaquely. This immediately identifies the coating as VITRIUM.
Manufacturing Excellence
CST&#;s DeKalb facility is ISO : quality system certified. Engineers design tanks for a wide range of standards including AWWA D103 Standard for Bolted Steel Water Storage Tanks, AISC, FM codes and NFPA Standard 22. Additionally, glass coatings meet ANSI/NSF Standard 61 requirements for indirect additives, making AQUASTORE®, HARVESTORE® and SLURRYSTORE® tanks ideal for liquid, feed, manure storage and digesters processes. Most importantly, extreme pride is taken in craftsmanship for a tank that endures the test of time.
From the automated manufacturing processes through the stage-by-stage inspection and even down to careful inspection of the glass. Our glass-fused-to-steel quality is the best in the industry. The best proof of the precision of CST&#;s manufacturing procedures can be seen in the thousands of tank installations around the world.
Glass-Fused-To-Steel Process
Glass-fused-to-steel is the premium technology in the tank market. The factory-applied silica glass coating on AQUASTORE, HARVESTORE, SLURRYSTORE and NUTRISTORE tanks forms a hard, inert barrier for both the interior and exterior tank surfaces to guard against weather and corrosion. Glass-fused-to-steel is impermeable to liquids and vapors, controls undercutting caused by corrosion and offers excellent impact and abrasion resistance. The color won&#;t fade or chalk and most graffiti can easily be removed. It NEVER needs painting!
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Fabricated sheets are grit blasted to a uniform, near-white surface
Proprietary formulations of borosilicate, minerals, water and clays are blended into a sprayable slurry called &#;slip&#;
After inspection, the slurry is fused to the steel sheets at temperatures above 1,500° F to produce the distinctive glossy Aquastore finish
The molten glass reacts with the profiled steel surface to form an inert, inorganic chemical and mechanical bond
VITRIUM Coating Glass Finish
New process technology has resulted in the development of CST&#;s newest glass innovation &#; VITRIUM coating. This coating combines the outstanding chemical and physical resistant properties of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) saturated glass with a highly engineered ultra-fine glass structure surface to create a high-performance glass-fused-to-steel technology. VITRIUM coating features and benefits include:
Tough TiO2 glass formulations provide longer life
Electrostatic base coat application ensures consistent quality
Maximum coating effectiveness without requiring increased coating thickness
Unique process technologies provide factory certified &#;holiday free&#; sheets
Process efficiencies lead to competitive pricing
Ideal for both cold and hot climates
Color Options
AQUASTORE glass coatings are available in standard cobalt blue or four other premium exterior colors. Forest green, sky blue, desert tan or white premium colors are available at an additional cost. Inquire for custom colors.
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit acid resistant glass steel storage tank exporter.
History of Glass-Fused-To-Steel
CST (formerly A.O. Smith) first discovered the methodology of controlling corrosion by fusing glass to steel in the s. The technology was initially used in the brewing and hot water heater industries. While other uses for glass-fused-to-steel were explored, the first glass-fused-to-steel tank went into service in as a HARVESTORE silo. This agricultural use to store feed while retaining quality has been widely used for almost 69 years.
In the s, our Municipal and Industrial Division was formed and we subsequently launched AQUASTORE tanks for water, wastewater and other industrial liquid uses. Since , more than 100,000 AQUASTORE, HARVESTORE, SLURRYSTORE and NUSTRISTORE glass-fused-to-steel tanks have been installed in over 70 countries around the world.
Hydrofluorosilicic acid is a challenging chemical because it has properties that pose a danger and specific storage concerns. With its common use in water treatment, it is important to be aware of the risks of improperly storing this aggressive chemical.
Let&#;s take a closer look at the nature of hydrofluorosilicic acid, its applications, the specific storage concerns and solutions, and safety considerations when working with this complicated chemical.
What Is Hydrofluorosilicic Acid?
Hydrofluorosilicic acid is a chemical often known by other names like fluorosilicic acid and fluosilicic acid. It&#;s often abbreviated to HSA or FSA. The acid is a colorless chemical that is created when you take phosphoric rock from the ground and convert it to soluble fertilizer.
In this process, two very toxic fluoride gasses &#; hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride &#; are released. The condensation from the hydrogen fluoride is collected and then scrubbed with water.
The liquid collected in these scrubbers is hydrofluorosilicic acid. The acid is entered into storage tanks and shipped to water treatment facilities throughout the country.
Depending on the manufacturer, impurities such as arsenic or lead can be found in HFA and are often not removed. While safeguards exist for regulating water safety, over time the contaminants may be a problem for your storage container. The acceptable levels of contaminants are governed by NSF International &#; ANSI/NSF 60, and American Water Works Association- AWWA B703-00.
How Is Hydrofluorosilicic Acid Used?
The most commonly discussed application for this chemical is water fluoridation at water treatment plants. This process helps prevent periodontal problems and is added to drinking water. Sodium fluoride is also commonly added to drinking water, but it can be five times as expensive. However, because hydrofluorosilicic acid can be more dangerous to store, it&#;s important to have a reliable and safe storage solution.
Other uses of FSA include:
- Disinfecting copper and brass vessels
- Gardening cement
- Preserving wood and impregnating compounds
- Electroplating
- Manufacturing aluminum fluoride, synthetic cryolite and hydrogen fluoride
- Sterilizing bottling and brewing equipment (1-2% solution)
- Etching glass
Storage Concerns and Solutions
Hydrofluorosilicic acid can be the most dangerous chemical at your local water treatment plant. It can release hydrogen fluoride when it evaporates, it&#;s corrosive, and it can damage the lungs if breathed in &#; making it especially dangerous for plant employees if stored incorrectly.
FSA also interacts negatively with metals to produce a flammable hydrogen gas &#; so a stainless steel chemical storage tank is not a viable option. It eats through concrete and attacks glass, so fiberglass tanks are a poor storage solution as well.
In short, FSA poses a serious storage concern.
Before rotomolded plastic became a viable storage option, fiberglass tanks, constructed with a resin-rich veil, were often used for storage. The resin-rich veil, however, is often only &#;&#; of chemical barrier protection from the incompatible fiberglass (chopped glass) structure itself. Since FSA cuts through glass, it&#;s actually incredibly dangerous to store FSA in something that only provides a minimal barrier of safety from a glass-made structural support container.
In these cases, a high-density cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) storage tank is the safest option, and it&#;s best to choose one with secondary containment in the unlikely event of a leak. With linear polyethylene (HDPE), unzipping or cracking is possible, but with XLPE, the structural integrity of the tank will endure in most cases even if compromised.
An XLPE tank with secondary containment, like Poly Processing&#;s SAFE-Tank®, can contain the chemical as well as the outlet to the pump transition from the primary tank. Not containing your fitting, the most vulnerable part of an otherwise robust system, is like having no containment in the first place.
Enhanced Bellows Transition Fitting
A secure yet flexible, fully contained SAFE-Tank® bottom discharge.
By incorporating an expansion joint, the tank expands freely during loading and unloading, and it virtually eliminates damage from piping vibrations caused by pumps.
With this performance-maximizing fitting:
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Containment of the expansion joint eliminates the threat of uncontained chemical leaks and dangerous &#;spurts.&#;
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Piping layouts can be fully contained by connecting a dual-wall piping system onto the fitting. This can mean a safer workplace and less threat to the environment.
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Unsurpassed containment of discharge is allowed on a SAFE-Tank®.
The pressure-tested internal components of the fitting come to you pre-assembled and ready to install.
Another option is to place the pump fitting on top of the tank where the chemical can&#;t escape if a fitting fails. This, however, requires special design in the pumping system.
With the popularity of fluoridation in American water treatment plants, a tank with NSF-61 certification (and specifically for hydrofluorosilicic acid and not just potable water) is strongly urged. XLPE tanks are available with this certification. Always be sure NSF61 designations are for the specific chemical tested (not just water), as NSF offers certification by exact chemical according to Maximum Allowable Levels (MAL).
Hydrofluorosilicic Acid Storage Tank Requirements
Your chemical storage tank needs a reliable shut-off valve to isolate the pump skid, for regular pump inspection. The tank&#;s pump needs to be checked several times per year to ensure there is no line corrosion that could break and expose workers to the harmful effects of FSA.
An XLPE tank with a full-discharge IMFO Tank is also a good choice for storage of FSA because it can help prevent a build-up of deposits. One concern in storing FSA is arsenic build-up and other accumulated deposits, as discussed above. Some local EPA authorities will dictate special removal procedures of these tanks because of this. A full-discharge tank, however, will help prevent these deposits from building up.
Be sure that the full-discharge is flush with the bottom of the tank and contains no metal inserts for reasons discussed above.
Is Corrosion A Problem?
Many operators are concerned about HF gas released from concentrated H2SiF6 storage resulting in corrosion since water fluoridation will corrode pipes. Temperatures and concentrations for water fluoridation, however, ensure FSA achieves complete dissociation to fluoride, hydrogen, and silica (sand) and cannot produce HF. Silicates are actually used as a stabilizer for water corrosion. So, in solution, corrosion is not a concern &#; but venting is.
What Do You Need To Know To Store FSA Safely?
Follow these storage guidelines to ensure that your facility is safely storing FSA.
All tanks should have a secured lid, so that there is no accidental opening. If someone opens a tank and drops a metal tool, for instance, dangerous hydrogen gas is produced by the reaction of FSA and metal.
It is incredibly important to keep the tank vented to the outside of the building. Keep the vent line clear of bird nests or any other blockage via a screen. Since FSA can be diluted by water, and cause metering accuracy issues, make sure the vent and system are water-tight, including containment. Ensure the storage area itself has adequate ventilation or air changes per hour. Seal all electrical and other conduits.
FSA is aggressive. Use corrosion-resistant materials. Fittings can be PE such as a
B.O.S.S. fitting
®, or PVC. Elastomers should be EPDM. Alloys should be C-276.
For more information on storing this chemical, download the hydrofluorosilicic acid guide.
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