Types of Knee Prosthesis for Leg Amputations

Types of Knee Prosthesis for Leg Amputations

Choosing the appropriate prosthetic leg is crucial and varies based on the individual's level of injury, physical factors, complications, lifestyle, and recreational or vocational goals.

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Every amputation is unique, emphasizing the importance for individuals to collaborate with a certified prosthetist and physiotherapist to select the best prosthesis for their specific situation. This article examines various prosthetic leg options and the role of physiotherapy following through-knee or above-knee amputation.

Understanding Prosthetic Legs

A prosthetic leg assists individuals who have undergone amputation to walk with a more natural and energy-efficient gait, often allowing them to do so without assistive devices like crutches or walkers. These prosthetics enable users to navigate a variety of terrains and walking speeds while accommodating sit/stand transitions and movements such as stair climbing.

Common Amputation Causes and Complications

Amputation can result from injury, disease, or surgical procedures, serving to manage pain or medical conditions in the affected limb. Traumatic amputations may result from accidents. Common complications include phantom limb pain, and various physical health issues that may arise post-amputation.

Knee Prosthesis Options

Prosthetic knees are essential for individuals with knee-level amputations, providing them with the ability to use knee and ankle joints effectively. These prosthetic options fall into two main categories: mechanical and computerized.

Mechanical Knees

Single-Axis Knees

Single-axis knees represent the simplest form of prosthetic joints, rotating around a single axis. They are cost-effective and lightweight, making them suitable for beginners. However, they require significant muscle control and may result in an unnatural gait.

Polycentric Knees

Polycentric knees feature multiple axes of rotation, providing enhanced stability, especially during transitions like sitting. Ideal for more active users, they allow greater movement and foot clearance during walking.

Manual Locking Knees

Manual locking knees provide stable support when weight-bearing. They require users to manually unlock for sitting but offer excellent support in various terrains.

Weight Activated Stance Control Knees

These knees remain locked during weight-bearing, preventing buckling while allowing the user to swing freely. They serve well for first-time users and older adults.

Pneumatic or Hydraulic Knees

Pneumatic and hydraulic knees utilize air or fluid to adapt to changing walking speeds. While hydraulic systems are heavier, they allow for smoother gait patterns and are generally recommended for more active individuals.

Computerized Knees

Computerized knees utilize microprocessors to adjust the knee’s movements based on real-time feedback, allowing for changes in pace and terrain. While providing a more natural gait, these systems often come with higher costs and greater weight.

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Rehabilitation Following Amputation

Post-amputation rehabilitation is tailored to the client's goals but generally includes gait assessment, strength training, balance improvement, and collaboration with prosthetists for necessary adjustments.

Conclusion

For individuals post-amputation, selecting a suitable prosthetic leg is vital for regaining mobility and independence in daily activities. Engaging with professionals specializing in rehabilitation can significantly enhance the recovery journey.

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