Heat pumps: Everything you need to know

Everything you need to understand about heat pumps can be found online, where they’re repeatedly praised as one of the most efficient HVAC technologies. Heat pumps provide versatile climate control solutions, making your living space comfortable in every season.

If questions such as “How do heat pumps operate?”, “Are they suitable for my property?” and “What’s the cost involved?” have crossed your mind, you've landed in the right place!

Moreover, there's a possibility you could qualify for local rebates on high-efficiency electric heat pumps. Sealed can connect you with a reliable contractor who will manage the installation process effortlessly. Check now.

Let’s explore the ins and outs of heat pumps.

Table of contents:

What is a heat pump?

A heat pump is an advanced, environmentally friendly solution for heating, cooling, dehumidifying, and purifying the air in your residence. It serves as a comprehensive substitute for your current HVAC systems.

The term “heat pump” arises from its ability to modify your home's atmosphere by redistributing encapsulated heat in the air. Simply put, it transfers (or pumps) heat energy.

• During winter months, it extracts warmth from the outdoor environment and conveys it into your home.
• In summer, the operation reverses with a device known as a reversing valve: the heat pump draws heat energy from inside and releases it into the outside air.

The outcome? A comfortable living environment year-round utilizing less energy.

The basic principle leads to effective, energy-efficient climate control in your domicile.

For a succinct overview of heat pumps, check out this short video.

By combining a new heat pump with top-tier insulation and thorough air sealing, you can reduce energy usage by up to 50%. Discover how.

How do heat pumps operate?

Heat pumps regulate household climates by transferring heat energy in the air using liquid refrigerant, requiring only a small electricity input.

Different heat pump varieties operate in slightly different manners—which we will discuss later in this article.

Modern home heat pump technology versus other HVAC systems

You might not have heard much about heat pumps yet, but they certainly aren’t new.

A traditional air conditioning unit is, in fact, a type of heat pump, as both systems aim to remove heat energy from your home and transfer it elsewhere.

The primary difference is that a heat pump can also bring heat into your home via a reversing valve.

This means that heat pumps are capable of replacing both your heating and cooling systems while performing these tasks more efficiently than conventional HVAC systems.

Add to this their ability to dehumidify and filter the air, making them an advantageous choice overall.

For an even in-depth comparison of various HVAC devices, explore these resources:

Fascinated by HVAC technology? Watch this video that explains how a reversing valve functions.

During winter, the heat pump captures warmth in the outdoor air and redistributes it within your home, able to extract sufficient warmth even in frigid conditions. Skeptical? View “Heat pump not working in cold weather” to find out why some models may experience issues during winter.

Heat pumps are widely utilized in various regions globally, even in extreme climates, and can be found in architecturally notable buildings worldwide.

Types of heat pump systems

Two primary types of heat pumps prevail in the HVAC industry:

1. Air-source heat pumps (including ductless mini splits)
2. Geothermal heat pumps (often termed ground-source heat pumps)

Air-source heat pumps

Air-source heat pump systems (also known as air-to-air heat pumps) behave as expected: they transfer heat between the air inside your home and the air outside.

In essence, an air-source heat pump comprises two main components:

1. An outdoor condenser unit, resembling a traditional air conditioning system
2. An indoor air-handling unit (or several if utilizing a ductless system).

Upgrading to a new energy-efficient heat pump not only enhances your comfort but can increase your property’s resale value.

Air-to-air heat pumps are the most prevalent in the U.S. When individuals refer to installing heat pumps, they typically mean these systems.

Air-source heat pumps are favored for several reasons:

• Simpler installation and maintenance procedures
• Exceptional comfort and long-lasting value
• Available in both ducted and ductless configurations

Coupling a new heat pump with air sealing and insulation—termed whole-house weatherization—can dramatically improve your home’s comfort and energy efficiency. It’s one of the wisest HVAC strategies available, enhancing your heat pump’s performance and extending its lifespan.

Efficient air sealing and insulation can potentially minimize energy loss by up to 45%.

Ducted versus ductless air-source heat pump systems

The principal distinction between ducted and ductless heat pumps is how they manipulate indoor air.

Ductless heat pumps deploy compact wall-mounted units (known as mini splits) for air distribution, strategically placed to ensure comfort in every area of your home.

On the other hand, ducted heat pump systems work via a singular air-handling unit called a standard split, which circulates conditioned air throughout your home. Generally, the standard split is substantially larger than a mini split as it is often located in a basement.

Both systems provide:

• A cooling mode for summertime comfort
• A heating mode for chilly temperatures
• Effective dehumidification properties, also known as dry mode

Both ducted and ductless systems operate on the same scientific principle: moving thermal energy around.

Whichever option you choose, rest assured your home will be pleasantly conditioned.

Geothermal heat pumps

Geothermal heat pumps operate differently; instead of utilizing a visible outdoor unit, they exchange heat between the earth or a water source and your home.

These systems leverage the fact that subterranean temperatures remain stable, leading to efficiency advantages over standard air-source units once they're installed.

A drawback is that geothermal heat pumps are decidedly less common in residential settings due to their complicated and costly installation requirements.

Installation often involves significant excavation under the ground or in water sources, making the process intrusive, pricey, and time-consuming.

Geothermal versus air source: Which is superior?

Generally, for most residences, an air-source heat pump system strikes the best balance of comfort, efficiency, and cost.

In fact, advances in air-to-air heat pump technology have minimized performance disparities compared to geothermal heat pumps. Moreover, several other simpler and cost-effective methods exist to improve your home's comfort without needing to disrupt your yard.

Heat pumps efficiently redistribute pre-existing environmental heat. This heat transfer requires significantly less electricity than heat production.

Why are heat pumps more efficient?

The primary explanation: Heat pumps do not generate heat; they redistribute energy already present in the environment.

This heat transfer process utilizes less electricity than producing heat independently, allowing heat pumps to maintain a comfortable environment throughout your residence for a substantially lower energy cost.

The Department of Energy notes that installing an air-source heat pump can potentially lower electricity bills by 50% compared to baseboard heating and furnaces—significant savings!

Moreover, decreased energy consumption isn’t the lone justification for selecting an energy-efficient heat pump; conventional heating and cooling methods are generally detrimental to our planet.

In New York, for instance, traditional HVAC systems account for 32% of greenhouse gas emissions, making up 37% of the state's energy usage.

Opting for a heat pump is a proactive step toward mitigating climate change; it benefits not only you but also our planet and future generations.

Discover the answer to “How much electricity does a heat pump use?” to further understand their efficiency.

Studies find that 80% of homes utilizing electric heat pumps saved money over their operational lifetime compared to homes equipped with gas furnaces.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a heat pump system?

Now, let’s examine the pros and cons associated with home heat pumps.

Here’s why you might contemplate swapping your traditional heating and cooling systems for heat pump technology, alongside reasons it might not meet your needs.

Let’s start with the drawbacks.

Disadvantages of heat pumps

We’re fans of heat pumps (it’s evident, right?), but certain downsides might exist based on personal preferences.

Cost

The installation cost for a quality heat pump system can be on par with purchasing both a traditional heating and cooling system simultaneously.

Sometimes, it might even be pricier, deterring homeowners from considering a heat pump altogether. Click here to learn more about heat pump costs.

Nonetheless, costs shouldn't be a barrier.

When you evaluate a heat pump's overall value over time, the financial landscape shifts. These devices consume less energy and often incur lower operational costs than conventional HVAC systems.

Heat pumps represent the leading choice in the HVAC realm, and if properly maintained, they can last between 15 to 25 years in an adequately insulated home.

Furthermore, Sealed can identify rebates for your custom home heat pump installation while pairing you with the best contractor tailored to your needs.

Comfort

A heat pump won’t replicate the intense warmth of a furnace or boiler. Instead, its continuous airflow system ensures warmth is uniformly distributed throughout your home. The heat output is customizable, feels pleasant, and reaches every corner of your house.

While most homeowners enjoy the warmth a heat pump provides, those who prefer a more “toasty” ambiance might not find it to their liking.

Appearance

Heat pump systems feature a visible outdoor unit—akin to a traditional AC system. Thus, you should plan for this unit during landscaping (it’s generally easy to conceal with foliage).

While there’s nothing particularly unappealing about heat pumps, they aren’t exactly design icons.

If you choose a ductless mini-split system, the wall units are crafted to blend as seamlessly as possible with your décor, though not completely invisibly.

Homeowners passionate about interior design may need to consider how a mini-split heat pump fits into their aesthetics. (Explore ways to camouflage a mini-split unit here.) Alternatively, consult an expert about whether a ceiling-mounted mini-split system is more suitable for you.

Advantages of heat pumps (an extensive list)

The following lists some top advantages associated with heat pumps:

Enhanced Comfort

Simply put, heat pumps represent an upgrade in lifestyle. They create a delightful living environment with even heating and cooling while ensuring consistent airflow to guarantee comfort in every corner of your home.

If you choose a ductless mini-split system, you’ll enjoy precise temperature control in individual rooms.

Once you experience zoned heating and cooling, you’ll find it difficult to return to a single thermostat model. Discover how to install an energy-efficient smart thermostat.

According to 81%, home comfort improved drastically after switching from fossil fuel heating systems to heat pumps.

User-Friendly

Heat pumps won’t emit unpleasant odors like those old gas furnace units, they operate quietly (particularly in mid- to high-range models), and require even less maintenance.

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Additionally, post-installation, heat pump systems integrate seamlessly into your home.

Improved Air Quality

Many heat pump systems come with integrated filtration to cleanse the air of micro-particles and other unwelcome elements.

As heat pumps are fully electric and do not combust natural gas or oil inside your home, neither you nor your family will be susceptible to harmful fumes or carbon monoxide emissions.

For further details, read “Do I need natural gas in my house?.”

All-In-One System

A heat pump replaces both your heating and cooling systems, simplifying your home management. This allows for one cohesive system to maintain, yielding improved climate control.

Think you may need an HVAC replacement soon? Refer to our guide on when to replace your air conditioning unit or when to upgrade your heating system.

Heating and cooling constitutes 51% of your household’s energy consumption. Heat pumps significantly mitigate energy waste!

Adaptability

If electrical service is present in your home, a heat pump can be installed—it's as straightforward as that! Heat pumps can accommodate various types of residences.

Transitioning from a ducted HVAC system? A heat pump will integrate perfectly into your existing ductwork.

Should your home lack ductwork, or if you have old, inefficient ductwork requiring costly repairs, opt for a ductless mini-split heat pump. It’s a versatile technology with numerous options.

Faulty ductwork, whether from holes or erroneous installations, can cause up to 30% of air loss.

Eco-Friendliness

Currently, heat pumps represent the most environmentally conscious HVAC options available.

They operate solely on electricity, leading to lower carbon dioxide emissions compared to conventional methods reliant on oil, propane, pellets, or natural gas.

Heat pumps use electricity efficiently, thus significantly reducing your household's environmental impact while also lowering energy expenses.

Discover more regarding the transition from oil to electric heat or swapping from gas heating to electricity.

Many customers express satisfaction regarding energy savings and the system's value addition to their property.

Cost-Effectiveness

As with any respectable home enhancement, a heat pump purchase and installation represent a significant expenditure. However, heat pumps typically demonstrate more cost-effectiveness over their lifetime.

When collaborating with Sealed, heat pump installation rebates are available alongside our energy-saving guarantee, contingent upon your home’s qualifications.

By working with a Sealed contractor partner, expect substantial improvement in your home’s comfort and efficiency. It’s an excellent option for those aspiring to enhance home comfort while minimizing environmental footprints.

Furthermore, heat pump installation effectively curtails energy waste and new federal tax credits and financial incentives motivate homeowners to embrace energy-saving upgrades.

Review “What heat pump tax credits and rebates are available?” for further insights.

What is the cost associated with heat pumps?

A professionally installed heat pump system tailored to your home could range from $3,500 to $60,000.

This broad range arises primarily because lower-end costs frequently apply to appliances only, or signify a mini-split unit for a single area.

Considerations for professional installation costs or any financing options should also factor into your calculations.

The cost of a heat pump system will depend on:

• The type of heat pump system you decide on
• Your home's dimensions
• Your space's layout
• Your location
• Your installer’s expertise
• Any applicable local home energy rebates
• Your usage of existing ductwork versus a ductless mini-split installation

Purchasing a climate control system entails considerable expenses, and heat pumps are no exception.

The best way to ascertain your specific heat pump costs is to acquire a personalized quote for your house.

However, adopting a heat pump makes economic sense for most households due to primarily two reasons:

1. They substantially lower energy expenditures (especially when combined with proper sealing and insulation).
2. Being a comprehensive HVAC solution replace both heating and cooling setups, they represent capsulated lifetime values.

Even with higher costs, heat pumps typically present excellent investments. Start exploring possibilities here.

Many have reported significant savings in takeaway energy costs; it is economically viable to maintain a comfortable home.

Ready to proceed?

Persuaded on the benefits of heat pumps? So are we!

Sealed simplifies procuring an expertly installed heat pump perfectly suited for your residence:

1. We vet skilled contractors in your locality and connect you with the right one based on their expertise and your home’s unique needs.
2. We thoroughly investigate potential rebates applicable to your project, even submitting rebate forms on your behalf.
3. You relax and enjoy top-notch home upgrades that offer year-round comfort while impressing your neighbors with your new heat pump.

Sealed is eager to facilitate your high-performance heat pump installation!

Interested in evaluating your expenses?

Check our home energy usage calculator to identify significant areas where you could reduce waste.

Use our energy usage calculator here.

FAQs about heat pumps

Do you have lingering questions? We’re here to assist. Below are some common inquiries we receive:

Can a heat pump effectively cool a whole house?

Absolutely! In fact, heat pumps are THE premier HVAC technology for heating and cooling residences. Depending on the installed system type, you might achieve precise temperature control in separate rooms.

For potential insights, explore “Do heat pumps work well in hot weather?”

Are heat pump water heaters efficient?

Yes! Heat pump water heaters, also referred to as hybrid water heaters, utilize heat pump technology, guaranteeing ample hot water supply throughout the day. They boast up to three times the efficiency of conventional electric water heaters and are up to 50% more efficient than gas-powered units.

For more information on energy-saving hot water solutions, explore Sealed’s Heat pump water heater guide.

What kind of maintenance does a heat pump require?

Heat pumps typically require minimal maintenance—part of their appeal! Nevertheless, you can keep your system performing optimally with a little upkeep.

Adhere to your make and model’s manufacturer recommendations while:

1. Changing filters regularly
2. Clearing obstructing debris away
3. Cleaning outdoor coils routinely
4. Keeping snow clear
5. Scheduling annual inspections

Are ducts essential for a heat pump system?

No! One advantageous feature of heat pump technology is its flexibility—you can implement a system with or without pre-existing ductwork.

If ductwork is available, integrating a heat pump is simple. Should your space lack ducts, a mini-split heat pump system can be employed.

What is the required number of mini splits for my home?

The straightforward answer? Roughly 24,000 BTU per 1,000 square feet of area is ideal.

However, let’s break this down a little.

First, consider what BTU means, defining legal standards in HVAC. BTU (British Thermal Unit) quantifies heat removal capacity from spaces.

During the installation phase, HVAC technicians evaluate total BTU needs for the entire system and select sizes accordingly. For ductless setups, however, assessments are made for each section uniquely.

Key questions include:

• What are the BTU requirements for your upstairs bedrooms?
• How expansive is your downstairs?
• Are there any significant obstructions impeding airflow?

Determining the necessary number of mini-splits may seem complex, yet the general principle remains: Every 1,000 square feet requires combined system capacity (mini-splits included) of 24,000 BTUs.

While planning a mini-split approach is best left to professionals, successful installations consider space nuances, such as busy areas like kitchens or rooms featuring several windows.

Hire wisely

A qualified contractor could dramatically influence your heat pump experience and financial outcomes. Remember, the considerable investment demands top-notch expertise, not bargain options.

Seek out technicians adept at heat pump installation, who can provide a comprehensive view of available models and align with local climate zones.

Research recommendations

Finding a contractor based on previous clients’ experiences can offer invaluable insights. If you notice friends or neighbors with heat pumps, inquire about their experiences and recommendations.

Recommendations from community forums or local social media can assist in identifying suitable professionals. Therefore, getting feedback from others who have previously installed heat pumps can lead you to the right choice.

Request detailed quotes

One hallmark of a reputable contractor is their willingness to produce detailed written estimates outlining costs without any obligations or payment in advance.

A thorough proposal detailing costs alongside warranties and potential rebates can instill confidence in your ultimate choice.

Evaluate the contractor’s technical prowess

Quality heat pump contractors take an analytical approach to set up; discerning any possible issues or challenges during the initial site visit reflects on a professional’s attention to detail.

Don’t rush the decision

While heating system failures can instigate hurried decisions, it is beneficial to think ahead about your future heat pump setup, averting rushed choices.

Significant HVAC purchases often require ample consideration on your part. If contractor pressure attempts to expedite your choices, consider it a substantial red flag.

As you’re likely investing in a long-term relationship with both the contractor and the system, your comfort and satisfaction matter immensely.

For further details, kindly visit Leading Technology Heat Pump Solutions.