Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in a variety of personal care products, including sunscreens, pressed powders, and loose powders, as a UV filter or whitening agent. In lotions and creams (dermal exposure), it is not a risk for adverse health effects. However, when titanium dioxide is inhalable&#;as it may be when in powder form&#;it is considered a possible carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.[1]&#;Titanium dioxide nanoparticles do not appear to confer any unique health hazards.

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What is Titanium Dioxide?

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a fine white powder or dust that occurs naturally. It was first intentionally produced for use as a white pigment in .[2]

It is naturally opaque and bright, which makes it useful for use in paper, ceramics, rubber, textiles, paints, inks and cosmetics.[3]&#;It is also resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light, and is used widely in sunscreens and pigments that are likely to be exposed to UV light. It is used in a wide variety of personal care products, including color cosmetics such as eye shadow and blush, loose and pressed powders and in sunscreens.

Titanium dioxide can form several different shapes, which have different properties. Some shapes can be converted to nanomaterials. Micronized TiO2 (also called &#;nano&#; or &#;nanoparticles&#;) was introduced in the early s.[4]&#;Nanotechnology and micronization both refer to the practice of creating very small particles sizes of a given material. &#;Nanoparticles&#; usually refers to particles smaller than 100 nanometers; a nanometer is 1/1 billionth of a meter. At these small sizes, and at low concentrations, titanium dioxide appears transparent, allowing for effective sunscreens that do not appear white.[5]

Titanium dioxide, or TiO2, will be listed on product labels, but companies are not required to list ingredient size or structure. When it is used in sunscreens to block UV light, titanium dioxide is considered an active ingredient, which means the concentration must also be listed.[6]

Overview:

Titanium dioxide is a naturally-occurring substance resulting from the oxidation of the element titanium. Also called titanium IV oxide or titania, it is one of the whitest materials known, and is used in many industries to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, plastics, papers, inks, foods, and cosmetics. It is highly refractory in nature, often used in cosmetics to reflect light away from the skin, or in sun block for the same purpose. Other industries use its refractory nature in protective coatings for automobile and marine parts, and in optical mirrors. Titanium dioxide is also used in building and construction materials.

Due to its many uses, titanium dioxide is one of the most-produced chemicals worldwide for industrial and other purposes, and it accounts for 70% of the total production volume of pigments in the world.

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In appearance, titanium dioxide is a crystalline white powder and has a bulk density of 48 lb/cu ft (0.77 g/cc).1

 

Characteristics and Challenges:

Titanium Dioxide is an odorless, highly cohesive and adhesive white powder containing agglomerated lumps and tends to coat steel surfaces. It is moderately abrasive, non-free-flowing, and tends to pack, cake and smear.

TiO2 is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids. Violent or incandescent reactions may occur with metals (fused and highly electropositive) such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and lithium.

As a safety concern, prolonged exposure to titanium dioxide should be avoided. Inhalation of the dust may cause respiratory problems; titanium dioxide may cause drying of the skin with repeated contact. There is some evidence to suggest that titanium dioxide is a carcinogen.2

Titanium dioxide should be stored in a clean, dry space away from exposure to high temperatures, open flames, and strongly aromatic chemicals.

Titanium dioxide is difficult to handle; it cakes and packs easily. As a result, titanium dioxide fines have a tendency to form deposits in the conveying line. Titanium dioxide is insoluble with water and solvents. Manufacturers must remain vigilant to prevent spills and the cleanup that would follow. Intensive and costly dry vacuuming, with appropriate filtration, is

Titanium dioxide is difficult to handle; it cakes and packs easily. As a result, titanium dioxide fines have a tendency to form deposits in the conveying line. Titanium dioxide is insoluble with water and solvents. Manufacturers must remain vigilant to prevent spills and the cleanup that would follow. Intensive and costly dry vacuuming, with appropriate filtration, is

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