Choosing the Right Drill

There are three types of drills: hand-held drills (with cord or cordless), drill presses, and magnetic base drills. You must consider your working conditions to choose the most suitable type of drill.

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First of all, depending on the materials you have to drill, the diameter and depth of the holes will vary. Most manufacturers will provide you with information on the maximum diameters and depths for each material.

The power of the drill is another characteristic you must consider. The more powerful the drill, the easier it is to drill through very hard materials like concrete.

The speed depends on the power of the drill. For some materials like metals, if the speed is too high, you will damage the drill bit. Therefore, we recommend using a drill with electronic speed control for metal.

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Lastly, if you are using a portable cordless drill, it is important to pay attention to the device voltage. The higher the battery voltage, the more powerful the drill will be.

I have drilled many thousands of holes, ranging from small to large, in both mild steel and tool steels. As others have said, the quality of the drill is only one part of the story. The drill must suit the material being drilled, and you need to ensure the cutting speed and feed rate (how hard you push) are correct. Oil is sufficient for some light drilling, but cutting fluid, typically emulsified with water, adds a cooling effect and works better. Oil has low heat conductivity and doesn't dissipate heat well.

When drilling holes in steel, unless you have a really powerful drill press with feed, always start with a pilot hole for anything larger than about 5/16" (hand drill) or 1/2" (drill press). You will be amazed at how quickly you can drill through a steel plate. The trick with the pilot drill is to use one about the same size as the web of the drill for the final hole. For hand drilling, I sometimes step up the sizes, starting with a 1/8" bit or smaller if manageable, and then scale up.

A lot of drills fail because they spend too much time rubbing and not cutting. You would be surprised how fast a properly used drill can go through a steel piece with the correct cutting speed, feed, and coolant, and how long it will last.

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