Air Driven Liquid Pumps

Hydraulics International liquid pumps operate at a drive air pressure of 12-150 psi (0.8-10 Bar) and will cycle automatically when compressed air is first applied to the drive. It will start cycling at its maximum speed thus producing maximum fluid flow. At this stage, the pump is acting as a transfer pump, filling the pressure system with fluid. As resistance increases in the system (creating backpressure to the pump), the pump will decrease its reciprocating action. Backpressure in the system finally balances with the incoming air drive pressure times the ratio. At this point, the pump will stall and maintain pressure without consuming any energy. If there is further demand on the system for flow, the pump will automatically start cycling again.

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Anatomy of a Pneumatic Driven Hydrostatic Test Pump

1. Drive Section
Pistons with O-ring seals operate in, fiberglass wrapped cylinders. The cylinder diameter is constant for a particular pump series. The driving medium pushes the piston down on the compression stroke and lifts it on the suction stroke (the M series has a spring return). No drive air lubricant is required as the piston is pre-lubricated during assembly.

2. Hydraulic Section/Check Valves
In the hydraulic section, the drive piston connects to the hydraulic plunger/piston. Hydraulic pistons have different sizes depending on their nominal ratio. The higher ratio pumps can achieve higher pressures, but have smaller displacements, which translates to less flow per stroke.

During the down stroke, the inlet check valve keeps the liquid in the pump from flowing back into the suction line while it is compressed by the plunger. On the return or suction stroke, fresh liquid is drawn in through the inlet check valve, while the outlet check valve closes.

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These check valves control the flow of liquid through the hydraulic section. They are spring-loaded and have a very low cracking pressure, which allows maximum flow during suction. Inlet check valves are closed by the hydraulic fluid pressure on downstrokes. At the same time, the outlet check valves open when the hydraulic pressure in the pump exceeds the pressure in the system after the pump.

3. Drive Cycling Valve
This is a pilot operated, unbalanced lightweight spool that cycles the driving pressure first to the top of the driving piston and then to the bottom to cycle the piston. It is actuated through control valves at the beginning and end of stroke, causing the spool to move out of balance and the piston to move up and down.

4. Hydraulic Seal/Check Valves
A hydraulic seal is one of the few parts that wear out. Basically, it prevents fluid from flowing into the actuator while the hydraulic piston is moving back and forth. Seal specifications are determined by the fluid, its pressure and temperature. Most Haskel pumps can be operated without contamination by use of a vent or distance piece between the pump section and the air drive.

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